Definitions

Kozey, M. & Siegel, L.S. (2008). Definitions of Learning Disabilities in Canadian Provinces and Territories. Canadian Psychology, 49, 2, 162-171.

• Kozey and Siegel compile LD policies across Canada's provinces and territories. In their discussion, the authors note: "The Canadian experience with policy definitions of LD is distinct from that of our U.S. neighbours. Previous trends of low levels of operationalization of LD within legal statutes or terms (Klassen, 2002; Weiner & Siegel, 1992) have persisted" (p. 168). Later, they elaborate, "Despite the numerous, recent policy revision, the concepts of intelligence and a discrepancy between intelligence and academic achievement have been retained in most provinces, which contrasts with current research and applied perspectives on LD. The discrepancy definition has been overwhelmingly discredited in numerous studies (Lyon et al., 2001; National Centre for Learning Disabilities, 2002; Siegel, 1988; Stanovich, 1991; Stuebing et al., 2002; Vellutino, Scanlon, & Lyon, 2000). The wording of one province (Ontario) implies a required discrepancy" (p. 169).